TL;DR
- Gum disease is basically a bacterial infection of the gums and supporting tissues caused by bacterial accumulation in plaque.
- Types of gum disease include gingivitis, periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, chronic periodontitis, necrotizing periodontal disease, periodontal abscess, and gum recession.
- Risk factors are poor oral hygiene, smoking and tobacco use, underlying medical conditions, stress, genetics, some medications, and poor diet and nutrition.
- Maintaining oral hygiene, making lifestyle changes, and eating a well-balanced diet are some ways to prevent gum disease.
- See a dentist if you notice red or swollen gums, bleeding, bad breath, unpleasant taste, loose or shifting teeth, and tooth sensitivity.
- Some common treatments include professional cleaning, scaling and root planing, medications, and surgical procedures in advanced cases.
What is Gum Disease?
Gum disease (periodontal disease) is a dental infection that affects the gums and the structures that support your teeth, caused primarily by bacteria in dental plaque. This condition is quite common. In fact, nearly half (47.2%) of American adults aged 30 and over have some form of gum disease, with rates as high as 60% in seniors.
It develops subtly, often as mild gum inflammation, but if left untreated, it can progress to severe infection and even tooth loss. The encouraging part is that some forms of gum disease can be reversed with proper care, especially when caught early. Therefore, understanding the different types of gum diseases can help you recognize the signs and get timely treatment.
Types of Gum Disease
Common types of gum disease and infection include:
1. Gingivitis
Gingivitis is the earliest and mildest stage. It is marked by red, swollen, or bleeding gums, especially when brushing and flossing. At this stage, gum disease is often reversible with proper oral hygiene and professional cleaning.
2. Periodontitis
Periodontitis occurs when gingivitis is left untreated. With time, the plaque spreads under the gum line, and the toxins released by the bacteria in the plaque start to irritate the gums and trigger a chronic inflammatory response. This damages the bone and tissue that hold your teeth in place and creates gaps called “pockets” between the gums and teeth. Periodontitis, unfortunately, cannot be reversed, but with proper treatment, its progression can be slowed and managed.
3. Aggressive Periodontitis
Aggressive periodontitis is a rare condition that advances rapidly. It’s most commonly seen in younger patients and is also called juvenile periodontitis. It can result in severe bone and tissue loss and has a genetic disposition.
4. Chronic Periodontitis
Chronic periodontitis is the most common form in adults. It progresses slowly and can result in the breakdown of tissues supporting the teeth. Often, it goes unnoticed until significant damage has occurred. Risk factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, systemic conditions like diabetes, and age.
5. Necrotizing Periodontal Disease
This severe and painful type of gum disease involves tissue death (necrosis) in the gums, and sometimes the underlying bone. It is more common in immunocompromised individuals (such as those with HIV) or those with underlying systemic conditions.
6. Periodontal Abscess
It is a localized collection of pus within the gum tissue or bone surrounding a tooth. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, pus discharge from the gums, and even fever in severe cases.
7. Gum Recession
Gum recession is often considered a sign of progressing gum disease. It is a condition where the gums pull away from the teeth, and the root surface is exposed. This can cause tooth sensitivity, bleeding gums, and an increased risk of decay and infection.
Key Causes and Risk Factors for Gum Disease
Several medical, lifestyle, and genetic factors contribute to the onset and progress of some types of gum disease. Here are some key ones:
- Poor Oral Health: If you don’t brush and floss daily, it can lead to increased plaque buildup, leading to gum disease.
- Smoking/Tobacco Use: Smokers are more likely to develop gum disease. Studies show that over 60% adult smokers have periodontitis.
- Underlying Medical Conditions: Individuals with diabetes, heart disease, and other conditions like lupus and Crohn’s disease are at a higher risk.
- Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy, menopause, and puberty can increase inflammatory responses and make gums sensitive and more prone to infection.
- Stress: Severe stress weakens the body’s immune response and makes it difficult to fight off infections.
- Genetics: Some people may be genetically susceptible compared to others.
- Medication: Certain drugs, such as oral contraceptives, antidepressants, and some heart medicines, can affect your oral health.
- Age and Sex: Studies show that about 60% of adults over 65 years of age have periodontitis, making it common in older adults. Moreover, males are more likely to develop it as compared to females, with one in every two men having some level of periodontitis.
- Poor Diet: A diet low in key nutrients, especially vitamin C, can impair the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight infections and raising the risk of gum disease.
How to Prevent Gum Disease
Prevention is the most effective way to maintain healthy gums and lower the risk of developing types of gum disease. Our experts at Le Sueur Family Dental suggest the following:
- Brush your teeth twice every day using gentle circular motions for at least two minutes.
- Floss once a day to remove plaque between the teeth and below the gum line where your toothbrush doesn’t reach.
- Visit your dentist regularly for checkups and get professional cleanings every 6-12 months. This helps with early detection.
- Eat a balanced and nutrient-rich diet in vitamin C and D and calcium to support gum health.
- Make changes in your lifestyle. Avoid smoking and manage your stress better with yoga and meditation.
- If you are at a high risk due to underlying conditions or have a weak immune system, speak to your dentist about early screening and preventive treatments.
When to See a Dentist?
Don’t ignore these warning signs and see a dentist if you notice:
- Bleeding or swollen gums
- Persistent bad breath
- Loose or shifting teeth
- Tender or receding gums
- Sensitivity of pain while chewing
- Pus or sores between teeth and gums
- Deep gum pockets
- Unpleasant taste in your mouth
- A change in your bite or the way your teeth fit together
Treatment of Gum Diseases
Treatment depends on the different types of gum disease and their severity. Common treatment options include:
1. Professional Cleaning: Removes plaque and tartar above and below the gum line. These can be done once every 6 months to maintain good oral hygiene.
2. Scaling and Root Planing: This is a deep cleaning procedure that smooths the root surface and prevents bacteria buildup under the gum line.
3. Antibiotic Therapy: Topical or oral antibiotics can be prescribed to treat the infection, along with anti-microbial mouthwashes.
4. Surgical Procedures: In severe cases, a dentist may suggest surgical procedures like flap surgery, bone and gum grafting, pocket reduction surgery, or bone regeneration techniques.
For a diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan, schedule a consultation for periodontal disease treatment with your dentist.
Your Next Steps
Gum disease can affect anyone, but understanding the types of gum disease and the signs to look out for can help you detect them early and prevent further complications. Early action is your best defense against gum disease. If you notice any warning signs, don’t delay and schedule a visit with your trusted dentist in Le Sueur, MN.
At Le Sueur Family Dental, we are devoted to providing quality dental care in a welcoming environment. With a combined 112 years of experience in the dental field, our team is well-equipped to help you with all your dental needs. We provide an extensive range of services, from preventive care to advanced gum disease treatment, using modern technology to ensure effective and comfortable care.
For expert care in gum health, visit our clinic at 219 South 2nd Street, Le Sueur, MN 56058, or call us at (507) 665-6812. You can also fill out our online form to schedule your first appointment or contact us with any questions.
FAQs
Can gum disease be reversed?
Yes, a mild form of gingivitis can be reversed with timely intervention and proper oral hygiene maintenance. However, advanced stages cannot be reversed, but can be managed to stop them from progressing.
Is gum disease contagious?
Although gum disease isn’t contagious, the bacteria that cause it can spread through saliva.
Can gum disease recur after treatment?
Yes, if you don’t maintain good oral hygiene after getting treated and avoid follow-up care and dental visits, gum disease can return.
How do I know if I have gum disease?
Some of the common signs are red or swollen gums that might bleed, bad breath, loose teeth, and discomfort while chewing. If you see any of these signs, a dentist can confirm a diagnosis for you.
Can gum disease cause other health problems?
Yes, it increases the risk of tooth loss and has been linked to heart disease, diabetes, and other systemic complications.
